Conjunctivitis is when the conjunctiva—the clear tissue lining the inside of your cat's eyelids and covering the white part of the eye—gets inflamed. Normally, the conjunctiva is moist and shiny, with tiny blood vessels visible through the translucent tissue. It acts as a barrier, trapping tiny particles in the air and helping to keep viruses and bacteria from getting into your cat's eyes.
Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye issues in cats. It could be the only problem with your cat’s eyes or it might be related to another condition or abnormality.
Causes of Conjunctivitis in Cats
Conjunctivitis in cats can have many different causes, including:
- Viral infections like herpesvirus or calicivirus
- Eye infections caused by chlamydia
- Bacterial infections
- Problems with the cornea
- Issues with tear production
- Infections or abnormalities of the eyelids
- Contact with foreign substances like plant material, fibers, sand, or chemicals
- Environmental irritants
- Trauma to the eye
- Idiopathic causes, meaning there's no clear reason for the problem
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Cats
Common signs of conjunctivitis in cats include:
- Redness in the eye
- Unusual eye discharge
- Swelling of the conjunctiva
- Squinting or excessive blinking
- Rubbing or pawing at the eyes
Diagnosing Conjunctivitis in Cats
To diagnose conjunctivitis, your vet will start by doing a thorough examination. They might perform these tests to find out what's going on:
- Fluorescein staining to check for scratches or ulcers on the cornea
- Schirmer tear test to measure if your cat is making enough tears
- Detailed inspection of the conjunctiva, outer eyelids, and third eyelid
Depending on these results, your vet might suggest further tests, such as:
- Bacterial cultures
- Tests for viruses
- Tonometry, which checks for glaucoma
- Conjunctival scraping to analyze cells from the conjunctiva
- Conjunctival biopsy (rarely done)
- Blood tests if the cat is showing other signs of illness
Treating Conjunctivitis in Cats
The treatment for conjunctivitis focuses on addressing the symptoms and the underlying cause, if known. It can include:
- Rinsing the eyes thoroughly to remove irritants
- Removing any foreign objects
- Using medication to stimulate tear production if needed
- Treating eyelid infections or abnormalities with medication or surgery
- Antibiotic ointments to treat secondary bacterial infections, which are common with eye issues in cats
- Anti-inflammatory eye medications to reduce swelling and discomfort
At-Home Care and Prevention
Once treatment begins, you should check your cat's eyes regularly to monitor improvement. Most cases of conjunctivitis start to get better within 24 to 48 hours after treatment. If you don't see any improvement, make sure to contact your vet right away.
Unfortunately, many causes of conjunctivitis in cats can't be prevented, but regular vet check-ups and early treatment can usually solve the problem and keep your cat's eyes healthy.
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